Apparatus for melt mixing and spinning synthetic polymers

ABSTRACT

An apparatus for melt mixing and spinning synthetic polymers, which has a plurality of spinning nozzle units, a main extruder with a capacity sufficient to feed a polymer melt to the plurality of spinning nozzle units, a main metering pump for receiving the polymer melt through a conduit system from the main extruder and directing the polymer melt through a branched conduit system including a first branch and a second branch to the spinning nozzle unit, a plurality of multiple way fluidic devices, a two way valve for receiving the polymer melt from the main metering pump and for directing the polymer melt through the first branch or through the second branch and through the multiple way fluidic devices to the plurality of spinning nozzle units, thereby directing the way within the multiple way fluidic devices, a plurality of concentrate extruders for directing a plurality of concentrates through the multiple way fluidic devices to the spinning nozzle units, each of said multiple way fluidic devices thereby combining the polymer melt received from the first branch with one of the concentrates to a polymer melt mixture and directing the polymer melt mixture to one of the plurality of spinning nozzles units.

This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/230,957, filed Apr. 21, 1994, now abandoned.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to an apparatus for melt mixing and spinning synthetic polymer for the manufacture of yarns with a plurality of bundles of filaments, whereby the properties of all filaments in all bundles alternate along their length and the properties of the filaments of each bundle of adjacent bundles alternate between the adjacent bundles.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

An apparatus for melt mixing and spinning synthetic polymers into filaments from a plurality of spinning nozzle units connected to a melt extruder through a metering pump is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,017,249. If the characteristics of the fibers should change along their length, the synthetic polymer or additives have to be changed in the extruder. This changes the characteristics of all spun filaments along their length at once. Attempts have been made to change the properties alternately in the direction of the fiber axis. U.S. Pat. No. 4,019,844 discloses an apparatus for producing multiple layers conjugate fibers which have a housing with a rotary cylinder plug and a stationary spinning plate with a plurality of spinning orifices that are positioned and lined up with the passageways of the rotary cylinder plug. This apparatus creates multiple layer conjugate fibers with parabolic interface. A disadvantage of this apparatus is the use of the rotary cylinder plug which is technically difficult to operate.

An object of the present invention was to provide an apparatus for melt mixing and spinning synthetic polymers for the manufacture of yarns with a plurality of bundles of filaments, whereby the properties of all filaments in all bundles alternate along their length and the properties of the filaments of each bundle of adjacent bundles alternate between the adjacent bundles.

Another object of the present invention was an apparatus for the manufacture of colored yarns with a plurality of bundles of filaments, whereby the colors of all filaments in all bundles alternate along their length and the colors of the filaments of each bundle of adjacent bundles alternate between the adjacent bundles.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The objects of the present invention were achieved with an apparatus for melt mixing and spinning synthetic polymers, which comprises (a) a plurality of spinning nozzle units, (b) a main extruder with a capacity sufficient to feed a polymer melt to said plurality of spinning nozzle units, (c) a main metering pump for receiving the polymer melt through a conduit system from the main extruder and diverting the polymer melt through a branched conduit system comprising a first branch and a second branch to the spinning nozzle unit, (d) a plurality of multiple way valves, (e) a two way valve for receiving the polymer melt from the main metering pump and for directing the polymer melt through the first branch or through the second branch and through the multiple way valves to the plurality of spinning nozzle units, thereby directing the way within the multiple way valves, and (f) means for directing a plurality of concentrates through the multiple way valves to the spinning nozzle units. Each of the multiple way valves thereby combine the polymer melt received from the first branch with one of the concentrates to a polymer melt mixture and direct the polymer melt mixture to one of the plurality of spinning nozzle units or combining the polymer melt received from the second branch with one of the concentrates to form a polymer melt mixture and directing the polymer mixture to another one of the plurality of spinning nozzle units.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an apparatus for melt mixing and spinning synthetic polymers.

FIGS. 2A and 2B are schematic views of a two way control valve.

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a three way fluidic device showing a polymer melt flow and a concentrate melt flow.

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a detail of FIG. 1, which is a three way fluidic device with distribution lines to three spinning nozzle units.

FIG. 5 is a side view of a yarn with three bundles of filaments.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

FIG. 1 shows an apparatus for melt mixing and spinning synthetic polymers (1) for the manufacture of synthetic polymer yarns whose properties change along their length and between adjacent filaments. The synthetic polymer is molten in the main extruder (2) and directed through a conduit system comprising pipes (3) by the main metering pump (4) to the two way control valve (5). The polymer melt is either conveyed through a first branch of a branched conduit system comprising pipes (6) or over a second branch of a branched consuit system comprising pipes (10) or over both pipes (6) and pipes (10) to the first three way fluidic device (7), the second three way fluidic device (8) and the third three way fluidic device (9). Concentrates are formed in the first concentrate extruder (11), the second concentrate extruder (12) and the third concentrate extruder (13) and directed over pipes (14) by the first concentrate pump (17) to the first three way fluidic device (7), over pipes (15) by the second concentrate pump (18) to the second three way fluidic device (8) and over pipes (16) by the third concentrate pump (19) to the third three way fluidic device (9).

The first three way fluidic device (7) is connected over the pipe (20) with the first spinning nozzle unit (21), over the pipe (22) with the second spinning nozzle unit (23) and over the pipe (24) with the third spinning nozzle unit (25). The second three way fluidic device (8) is connected over the pipe (26) with the first spinning nozzle unit (21), over the pipe (27) with the second spinning nozzle unit (23) and over pipe (28) with the third spinning nozzle unit (25). The third three way fluidic device (9) is connected over pipe (29) with the first spinning nozzle unit (21), over the pipe (30) with the second spinning nozzle unit (23) and over the pipe (31) to the third spinning nozzle unit (25).

FIG. 2A shows a two way control valve (5) with pipes (3), (6) and (10) and valve members (32) and (33). In the indicated position, valve member (33) is closed and valve member (32) is open, allowing the polymer flow coming from pipe (3) to go into pipe (6).

FIG. 2B shows the same two way control valve (5) like FIG. 2A in another position, where valve member (32) is in the half closed position and valve member (33) is in the half open position, the arrows above valve members (32) and (33) indicated the turn direction of the valves. In this position the polymer flows from pipes (3) and is directed equally into pipes (6) and (10).

FIG. 3 shows the three way fluidic device (7) with incoming pipes (6), (10), (14), and exiting pipes (20), (22) and (24). The arrows (34) indicate the flow of the polymer, the arrows (35) indicate the flow of the concentrate and the arrows (36) indicate the flow of the polymer and concentrate mixture. In the indicated position, the polymer melt flow is directed through pipe (6), the concentrate flow is directed through pipe (14) and meets the polymer flow at the intersection of pipe (6) and pipe (14) where both flows are mixed and directed to pipe (24).

FIG. 4 shows for the purpose of clarity a detail of FIG. 1, the first three way fluidic device (7) with the incoming pipes (6), (10) and (14) and the exiting pipes (20), (22) and (24) which are connected with the spinning nozzle units (21), (23) and (25).

FIG. 5. shows the product of the apparatus of the present invention, a yarn (37) with three bundles of filaments (38), (39) and (40), whereby the properties of all filaments in all three bundles alternate along their length (41), (42) and (43) and the properties of the filaments of each bundle of adjacent bundles (38), (39) and (40) alternate between the adjacent bundles, which means that along a cross section of the yarn (37) the properties of the fibers in bundle (38) are different from the properties of the fibers in bundle (39), which is adjacent to bundle (38) and the properties of the fibers in bundle (39) are different to the properties in bundle (40), which is adjacent to bundle (39). According to FIG. 5 one sequence of properties of filaments along a cross section of the yarn (37) is (41), (42) and (43), followed by (42), (43) and (41), followed by (43), (41) and (42).

For the manufacture of fibers all fiber forming thermoplastic materials are suitable, especially polyamides, polyesters, polyolefins, polycarbonate and polyacrylonitrile.

Suitable polyamides are nylon 6, nylon 6/6, nylon 6/9, nylon 6/10, nylon 6/12, nylon 11, nylon 12, copolymers thereof and mixtures thereof. Preferred polyamides are nylon 6 and nylon 6/6. Suitable polyesters are polyalkylene terephthalate and polyalkylene naphthalates, preferably polyethylene terephthalate. Suitable polyolefines are polymers of C₂ - to C₁₀ - olefins, in particular polyethylene, polypropylene and their copolymers.

For the manufacture of the yarn, the polymer is fed into the main extruder (2) in form of chips or granules, or as molten resin, melted and directed through pipe (3), which is jacketed and heated by the jacketed DOWTHERM® heating fluid (Dow Chemical, Midland Mich.) to the main metering pump (4).

The temperature of the melt at the exit of the extruder is from about 180° to about 350° C., according to the respective polymer.

The metering pump (4) controls the amount and the speed of the polymer melt flow and directs it to the two way valve (5). The two way valve (5) directs the polymer melt flow through branches of a conduit system with pipes (6) and (10) to the three way fluidic devices (7) (8) and (9) in three different ways:

1. From pipe (3) into pipe (6), whereby valve member (32) is open and valve member (33) is closed according to FIG. 2A.

2. From pipe (3) into pipe (10), whereby valve member (33) is open and valve member (32) is closed.

4. From pipe (3) into pipes (6) and (10), whereby valve member (32) is in a half closed or half open position and valve member (33) is in a half closed or half open position according to FIG. 2B.

The apparatus of the present invention contains a plurality of multiple way fluidic devices, preferably from 2 to 10, most preferred from 2 to 3. Each of the multiple way fluidic devices is connected to a concentrate extruder and to a plurality of spinning nozzle units. The number of fluidic devices, concentrate extruders and spinning nozzle units is preferably the same, so that if an apparatus of the present invention has two, two way fluidic devices, it also has two concentrate extruders and two spinning nozzle units. An apparatus with three, three way fluidic devices has preferably three concentrate extruders and three spinning nozzle units. As an example, the operation of the three way fluidic device is described with reference to FIGS. 1, 3 and 4.

The concentrate extruder (11) forms or melts polymer concentrates based on polymers equal to or different from the polymer used in the main extruder.

Additives like dyes, pigments, lubricants, nucleating agents, antioxidants, ultraviolet light stabilizers, antistatic agents, soil resistant, stain resistant, antimicrobial agents, flame retardants and the like are added to the polymer and melt mixed to a homogenous polymer mixture in the concentrate extruder. The concentration of the additives are chosen according to the desired properties of the final filaments and yarns.

The different concentrate extruders are run with different concentrates in order to achieve the object of the apparatus of the present invention.

The concentrate melt is directed through the concentrate metering pump (17) over pipe (14) to the three way fluidic device (7).

As indicated above, the operation of the three way fluidic device (7) depends on the position of the two way valve (5). Three different ways are possible:

Way 1: If the two way valve (5) is in the position indicated in FIG. 2A, the polymer melt from main extruder (2) is directed through pipe (6) and merges with the concentrate in the intersection of pipe (6) and (14) in the three way fluidic device (7). The polymer melt flow directs the concentrate flow into pipe (24) and to the spinning nozzle unit (25).

Way 2: If valve member (33) of the two way valve (5) is open and valve member (32) is closed, the polymer melt is directed from pipe (3) into pipe (10) and directs the concentrate flow into pipe (20) and to the spinning nozzle unit (21).

Way 3: If valve member (32) of the two way valve (5) is half open or half closed and valve member (33) is half open or half closed, the polymer melt is divided and directed through pipes (6) and (10). Both polymer melt flows direct the concentrate flow into pipe (22) and to the spinning nozzle unit (23).

The three, three way fluidic devices (7), (8) and (9) are connected with the spinning nozzle units (21), (23) and (25) in such a way, that in all three ways of the position of the two way valve (5) all spinning nozzle units are simultaneously served, whereby, always one spinning nozzle unit is exclusively served from one of the three three way fluidic devices (7), (8) or (9). For the three different ways described above the simultaneous serving of the three spinning nozzle units (21), (23) and (25) is as follows:

Way 1: Spinning nozzle unit (25) is served by three way fluidic device (7), spinning nozzle unit (23) is served by fluidic device (8) and spinning nozzle unit (21) is served by fluidic device (9).

Way 2: Spinning nozzle unit (21) is served by fluidic device (7), spinning nozzle unit (23) is served by fluidic device (9) and spinning nozzle unit (25) is served by fluidic device (8).

Way 3: Spinning nozzle unit (23) is served by fluidic device (7), spinning nozzle unit (21) is served by fluidic device (8) and spinning nozzle unit (25) is served by fluidic device (9).

The polymer melt is spun from the spinning nozzles into a yarn.

The result is a yarn, which contains three bundles of filaments, whereby the properties of all filaments in all bundles alternate along their length and the properties of the filaments of each bundle of adjacent bundles alternate between the adjacent bundles according to FIG. 5.

The length of the filament with unchanged properties is determined by the speed of the valves (32) and (33) of the two way valve are switched and by the spinning speed. Their length is from about 0.1 to about 2.0 m, preferably from about 0.25 to about 1.0 m and depends on the application of the yarn.

A few examples for applications are alternating yarn color for space dyed effect; alternating yarn luster; changing crimp/texture capacity of yarn along its length; yarns which have changing adhesive properties along its length; yarns whose elongation varies along its length; and yarns whose denier varies along its length. 

We claim:
 1. An apparatus for melt mixing and spinning synthetic polymers which comprises:a) a plurality of spinning nozzle units; b) a first extruder for forming a first polymer melt flow; c) a conduit system having first and second branch conduits; d) a two way control valve which is fluid-connected to said first extruder and said conduit system, said control valve receiving said first polymer melt flow from said first extruder and directing said first polymer melt flow through at least one of said first and second branch conduits; e) second and third extruders for respectively forming second and third polymer melt flows; f) a first fluidic valve for forming first and second mixed flows of said first and second polymer melt flows and directing said first and second mixed flows to one and another of said plurality of spinning nozzle units; and g) a second fluidic valve for forming third and fourth mixed flows of said first and third polymer melt flows and directing said third and forth mixed flows to said one and another of said plurality of spinning nozzle units, wherein, each of said first and second fluidic valves include:(1) first and second primary supply ports respectively fluid-connected to said first and second branch conduits of said conduit system, each said first and second primary supply ports for receiving said first polymer melt flow from said first extruder, (2) a secondary supply port for receiving a respective one of said second and third polymer melt flows from said second and third extruders; (3) a mixing intersection which fluid-connects said primary and secondary supply ports, and (4) at least one and another discharge ports extending from said mixing intersection and respectively fluid-connected to said one and another of said spinning nozzle units; wherein g) said control valve is selectively movable between at least first and second conditions so as to respectively cause said first polymer melt flow to either flow (i) entirely through said first branch conduit such that said first polymer melt flow is directed through said first primary supply ports of said first and second fluidic valves and respectively merges with said second and third polymer melt flows at said mixing intersection thereof to form said first and third mixed flows thereby responsively causing said first mixed flow to be diverted to said one discharge port of said first fluidic valve and be directed thereby to said one spinning nozzle unit, and causing said third mixed flow to be diverted to said one discharge port of said second fluidic valve and be directed thereby to said another spinning nozzle unit, or (ii) entirely through said second branch conduit such that said first polymer melt flow is directed through said second primary supply ports of said first and second fluidic valves and respectively merges with said second and third polymer melt flows at said mixing intersection to form said second and fourth mixed flows thereby responsively causing said second mixed flow to be diverted to said another discharge port of said first fluidic valve and be directed thereby to said another spinning nozzle unit, and causing said fourth mixed flow to be diverted to said another discharge port of said first fluidic valve and be directed thereby to said one spinning nozzle unit.
 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, which comprises two said spinning nozzle units.
 3. The apparatus according to claim 1, which comprises a third fluidic valve, and three said spinning nozzle units.
 4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein each of said first and second fluidic valves has at least three discharge ports.
 5. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a plurality of metering pumps, wherein each of said metering pumps receives one of said second and third polymer melt flows from a respective one of said second and third extruders and directs said one of said second and third polymer melt flows to a respective one of said first and second fluidic valves.
 6. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein each of said first and second fluidic valves has a third discharge port extending from said mixing intersection thereof, and wherein said control valve is selectively movable into a third condition so as to cause said first polymer melt flow to flow (iii) partially through each of said first and second branch conduits such that said first polymer melt flow is directed through both said first and second primary supply ports of said first and second fluidic valves and merges with a respective one of said second and third polymer melt flows at said mixing intersection thereof to form a fifth and sixth mixed flow thereby responsively causing said fifth and sixth mixed flows to be diverted to said respective third discharge port of said first and second fluidic valves and be respectively directed thereby to a third and fourth one of said spinning nozzle units.
 7. The apparatus according to claim 6, which comprises a plurality of said fluidic valves equal in number to said plurality of spinning nozzle units.
 8. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein said control valve includes valve members each of which is independently selectively movable to achieve said first, second and third conditions of said control valve.
 9. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said control valve includes valve members each of which is independently selectively movable to achieve said first and second conditions of said control valve. 